RISK ASSESSMENT

A risk assessment is a carefully examination of what could cause harm to people so that you can determine whether you have done enough or should do more to prevent harm. So the overall aim of risk assessment is to ensure that no one suffers harm as a result of workplace activities.

The risk assessment process

An assessment of risk is nothing more than a careful examination of what could cause harm to people, an evaluation of whether the hazards are significant and analysis of whether enough precautions have been taken to prevent them. The aim is to make ensure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill.

An individual risk assessment exercise may be carried out in relation to the totality of hazards in a particular workplace or may be limited to particular work activities or specific equipment, depending on circumstances. However, it is still a requirement that all of the risks in the workplace have been covered in this way.

Five steps to Risk Assessment

Work Permit System

Work Permit System to provide, via the formal application of a permit system, an effective control of specific construction operations that have a high potential to cause injury to persons, damage to property, or an adverse reaction on the environment. This document is to be regarded as an integral part of the HSE Plan.

The use of the work permit:

This permit to work is a checklist to ensure that all the hazards are identified, and the necessary precautions are taken to eliminate or isolate the hazards of the work to be performed.

This Work Permit System covers the following construction tasks:

1.  Hot work
   
   
   Hot work is any temporary operation involving open flames or producing heat or sparks.
   
   
2. Confined Space Entry

          Confined space is an enclosed or partially enclosed space that:

• Is not primarily designed for human occupancy,
• Has a restricted entrance and exit by way of location,
• Can present a risk for the Health & Safety of anyone who enters.

Site Safety

Each person on the site is obliged to follow the pertaining rules. It is the responsibility of each contractor to inform his staff and workers about these regulations and to make available the necessary means for personal protection and prescribed protective and safety devices and a first aid box. Failure to comply with these regulations may lead to removal from the site. The emergency number in case of fire and accidents shall be made known to all parties involved.
The contractor shall arrange adequate site rules, safety signs, and or warning signs at relevant workplaces on site.

1. Labor must be above 18 years old.
   
2. Alcoholic Drinks and/or Controlled Drugs Alcoholic drinks and/or controlled drugs are not to be taken on-site at any time. Anyone found under the influence of, or in possession of, alcohol or drugs on the site will be immediately removed from the site and refused future access.
   
3.  Smoking is not permitted anywhere on site except in special designated areas. Temporary buildings used by a contractor MAY BE declared safe areas by the Company under special permits. Smoking in vehicles on the site is not permitted. Smoking areas will be so designated by Company-approved signs. Smoking shall not be permitted in any building under construction, but a designated location close to the construction area may be approved.
   
4. Horseplay, fighting, or gambling in any form are not allowed.
   
5. Running at the job site must be avoided. In case of emergency, all labor must walk quickly to an Assembly Point.
   
6. Staff and workers must not make safety devices inoperative, and only authorized persons shall operate safety devices such as relief valves, gate valves, electrical and mechanical interlocks, guards, electrical switches, etc.
   
7. Unsafe shortcuts, such as walking on pipelines, sliding downpipes or stanchions, cutting corners through areas which are not the work location, must be avoided.
   
8. Tools, materials, or equipment must not be dropped from a height or thrown between levels.
   
   
9. When chemical type goggles are in use, the headband must be around the back of the head, not around the safety helmet.
   
10. Workers with long hair or wearing a necklace are not allowed to work near rotating machinery; workers' hair shall be tied back and held in a net.
    
11. Workers who are required to work on electrical systems are not allowed to wear rings, watches with the metal bands, or metal bracelets.
    
12. Hard hats are not be decorated (besides the usual company logo), defaced or damaged in any way.

Non conformance report (NCR) in construction

1.      Definition

When an inspection or testing process indicates that an activity or a project

Deliverable does not conform to the requirement of the contract document/specification, then the non-conformity is identified. The person who carries out the inspection, monitoring, and testing has the duty of detailing the contravention and the code, standard, or other documents that have been breached, in detail.

2.      Non-conformity notice.

The form shall have the serial numbers and consist of quadruplicate (1 original +3copies). It shall have sections describing the activity, location, standard code or other code of practice violated and the NCN shall also be provided.

3.      Issuance of Non-conformity

Each non-conformity shall generate an NCN when the test reports of checklist indicate a failure to comply with the standards/ code or contract document and are observed on either on testing (Product control-QC) or inspection etc. (Process Control-QA). The non-conformity notify notice shall be given to the supervisor shall generate a corrective report that shall be attached to the NCN and cross-referenced.

4.      Documentation

The two copies are kept with the site engineer; one copy may pass to the line manager. The inspecting officer retains one in his file and the other copy goes to the QA/QC office to be entered in a database. A corrective action report generated by the site engineer and attached to the NCN. Upon closure of the NCN all copies are reconciled in the QA/QC office and signed off. The database shall be updated with the closeout information, supporting documentation such as field density tests of strength are generated as shown in the reporting section.

5.      Corrective action

Corrective action report shall be generated by the site engineer or the site engineer or his manager and all parties shall sign for their proposals and the action shall be determined and agreed. The form shall go with the NCN to the QA/QC office once the corrective action as determined by the line management that has been completed and documented. The action shall be completed within 7 working days.

Inspection and test Plan (ITP)

The objective of implementing of this inspection and test plan (ITP) is to provide a framework for processes and product that can be monitored for the purpose of identifying problems and establishing corrective action such that repetitive work may be avoided to reduce costs and to improve the process in order that first time acceptance of work may be accorded and help improving cash flow.

The inspection and test plan (ITP) provides the detail of the tests required by the technical specification and procedure for conducting the test at the field and the laboratory according to the standards recommended and given in the technical specification. the frequencies of test verification and recording test results using relevant formats are explained in this ITP. The ITP also provides a guideline for the inspection activities according to the contract documents, method statement, and other relevant documents. Inspections are carried out in the form of checklists that are made available. In the event of non-conformance works. The procedure is included for corrective action and resolving them.

The Inspection and Test Plan is like a Work Instruction and a Checklist is a form that becomes the actual record. Both the ITP and Checklist are documents that must be controlled.